ABSTRACT
Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) has spread to many countries around the world, developing into a global pandemic with increasing numbers of deaths reported worldwide. To data, although some vaccines have been developed, there are no ideal drugs to treat novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)). By examining the structure of the coronavirus and briefly describing its possible pathogenesis based on recent autopsy reports conducted by various teams worldwide, this review analyzes the possible structural and functional changes of the human body upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. We observed that the most prominent pathological changes in COVID-19 patients are diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) of the lungs and microthrombus formation, resulting in an imbalance of the ventilation/perfusion ratio and respiratory failure. Although direct evidence of viral infection can also be found in other organs and tissues, the viral load is relatively small. The conclusion that the injuries of the extra-pulmonary organs are directly caused by the virus needs further investigation.
Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/physiopathology , Human Body , Immune Evasion , Lung/virology , Viral LoadABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the causes of recurrent hemoptysis one week after interventional treatment.Methods 56 patients with massive hemoptysis were included in this study.All patients underwent emergent interventional therapy, including angiography and embolization therapy of bronchial artery, intercostal artery, internal thoracic artery, external thoracic artery and phrenic artery via femoral artery puncture.Results 6 cases had rebleeding within one week after interventional therapy,including 2 cases with primary lung cancer,1 case with bronchiectasis,1 case with pulmonary tuberculosis,1 case with esophageal cancer after surgery,1 case with esophageal cancer after radiotherapy.Then, these patients once again underwent angiography and embolization therapy of bronchial artery,intercostal artery,internal thoracic artery,external thoracic artery and phrenic artery.Conclusion The use of vasoconstrictive drugs before intervention, diversification of pulmonary feeding artery, wide range of lesions, inappropriate embolic material and poor image quality can lead to recurrent hemoptysis after interventional treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the clinical application value of ultrasound-guided intrahepatic biliary puncture combined with internal double biliary stenting under DSA in elderly patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO).Methods Totally 108 elderly MHBO patients received interventional treatment were analyzed retrospectively.Half of patients were treated with ultrasound-guided intrahepatic biliary puncture (ultrasound group),and another 54 patients were treated with DSA intrahepatic biliary puncture (DSA group).After successful puncture,the patients received percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) with 4 methods under DSA guidance,namely internal double biliary stenting,contralateral external PTCD with single biliary stenting,complete external PTCD and external PTCD on the dominant side.The recent complications of intrahepatic biliary puncture at two groups and the curative effect with four methods were observed.Results The frequency of intrahepatic biliary puncture,the dosage of contrast agent,the incidence of pain at the puncture point and hemobilia in ultrasound group were all lower than those in DSA group (all P＜0.05),the successful rate of intrahepatic biliary puncture in first time was significantly higher compared with DSA group (P＜0.05).The liver function indicators at 14 days postoperation and total bilirubin at 21 days postoperation had statistical differences between any two biliary drainage methods (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guide intrahepatic biliary puncture combined with internal double biliary stenting under DSA can significantly benefit elderly patients with MHBO.
ABSTRACT
The study was designed to investigate the influence of intramuscular injection of metoclopramide (MCP) alone or in combination with levo-dopa (L-dopa) on aldosterone secretion in 13 normal volunteers. The results showed that plasma aldosterone levels were elevated significantly after the injection of MCP (P